Makosa yanayo fanywa kwenye Fedha

💰MONEY MISTAKE 1
Usikope pesa ya riba ili uanzishe biashara. Usitegemee pesa ya mkopo kuianzishia biashara, upate faida kisha uirudishe pesa ya mkopo na riba yake. 

💰MONEY MISTAKE 2
Usitumie pesa ambayo bado haipo mikononi mwako. Wala usije ukamuahidi mtu kumpa pesa ambayo  umeahidiwa mahali fulani. Kama kuna mtu kakwambia, Flan njoo kesho nikulipe deni lako" Basi wewe usiende kukopa vitu kadhaa dukani au hata kumuahidi mtu mwingine kumpa pesa ambayo na wewe umeahidiwa.  Ni kosa. Unaweza kuingia kwenye matatizo.

💰MONEY MISTAKES 3
Kama unataka kuhifadhi/kutunza pesa, kila unapopata pesa usianze kuitumia kwanza kisha ukategemea kutunza kiasi kitakachosalia. Hivyo basi,  ukipata tu pesa,  weka pembeni kiasi unachodhani kinafaa kutunzwa/kuhifadhiwa kisha tumia kiasi kilichobaki. 

💰MONEY MISTAKE 4
Ukipata nafasi ya kuonana na mtu tajiri, kamwe usiombe pesa.  Omba maarifa ya kutengeneza pesa kama yeye, tena kwa mtaji mdogo.  Maarifa ndio mtaji wa kwanza. Unaweza kupewa/kusaidiwa pesa iwapo una mawazo mazuri ya kuzalisha pesa. Baadhi husema,  "Omba ndoano, usiombe samaki"

💰MONEY MISTAKE 5
Usitunze mbegu badala ya kuipanda. Watu wengi hufurahia pesa wanayolipwa/kuipata  kisha wanaiweka bank au nyumbani bila kuiwekeza. Wekeza pesa ili uzalishe zaidi. Usiogope kuingia hasara, kila aliefanikiwa alipoteza kwanza kabla hajafanikiwa. Wengi walipoteza muda, pesa, afya na hata matumaini ya kufanikiwa, ila kwa uthubutu wao, mwisho wa siku walifanikiwa.

💰MONEY MISTAKE 6
Kamwe usimkopeshe mtu pesa ambayo unahisi hatorudisha.  Unapomkopesha mtu huyo pesa,  jiridhishe mwenyewe moyoni kuwa kama hatoweza kulipa basi deni lake halitoathiri urafiki wenu. Ukihisi kwamba kushindwa kwake kulipa kunaweza kuathiri urafiki wenu, basi mshauri aende bank akakope.

💰 MONEY MISTAKE 7
Usikubali uwe shahidi, tena kwa kusaini kabisa ili umdhamini mtu ambae huna uhakika kuwa atalipa kile unachomdhamini. Kumbuka kuwa, dhamana maana yake utawajibika iwapo atashindwa kulipa.

💰 MONEY MISTAKE 8
Epuka kutembea na pesa nyingi ambazo hata huna matumizi nazo wakati huo. Unaweza kujikuta unafanya matumizi ambayo hayakuwa kwenye ratiba sababu ya ushawishi wa pesa ya mfukoni. Ili kuepuka haya, tembea na pesa uliyopanga kuitumia katika safari yako. Pesa nyingine itunze mahali pengine palipo salama. 

💰 MONEY MISTAKE 9
Epuka kutunza pesa mahali pasipo sahihi.  Maeneo kama kwenye soksi, sidiria, chini ya mto wa kulalia, chini ya begi, kwenye kopo au hata kwenye begi la safari, si maeneo salama. Ni rahisi kusahau,  kuibiwa au kupoteza pesa zako. Ni bora ukatunza pesa kieletroniki; yaani bank au kwenye simu au kwenye pochi yenye kamba ngumu ya kuivaa mabegani au wallet ambayo inatosha kwenye mifuko imara na yenye vifungo kwenye nguo zako hasa uwapo safarini. 

💰 MONEY MISTAKE 10
Usitumie pesa kwa kitu ambacho hakikuwa kwenye ratiba yako. Jiulize kwanza kabla hujanunua, "Bila kitu hiki, maisha yataenda au lah? Ukiona maisha yataenda bila kitu hicho, acha kukinunua. Tabasamu kisha ondoka.

💰MONEY MISTAKE 11
Usiingiwe tamaa kwa kununua kitu ambacho ungeweza kununua kwa bei ya punguzo mahali pengine zaidi. Labda tu uwe una pesa nyingi.

💰MONEY MISTAKE 12
Matumizi yako ya pesa yasizidi pato lako. Unaweza kuwa una ndoto kubwa/matumizi makubwa ya pesa kuzidi pato lako.  Unapaswa kuwa bahili katika matumizi yako. Cheza na pato lako. Fanya matumizi makubwa pale tu pato lako litakapoongezeka. Hii itakuepushia kushindwa kufanya baadhi ya mambo ya msingi na kisha ukajikuta unaishia kwenye madeni makubwa. 

💰MONEY MISTAKE 13
Una ndoto kubwa hapo baadae; labda kujenga nyumba, kununua gari, kununua kiwanja, simu nzuri hata pikipiki. Usikurupuke,  ukanunua kitu cha ndoto yako sasa eti tu sababu umekipata kwa bei ya punguzo. Usichanganye kati ya mahitaji ya baadae na ya sasa. Pesa unayotumia kutimizia ndoto sasa itumie kwa mahitaji ya sasa. Ndoto ibaki kuwa ndoto. Hii itakuepushia kuingia katika madeni au kuishi kwa shida sababu ya tamaa. Jipange taratibu kutimiza ndoto yako.

Bila shaka umewahi kufanya moja ya makosa haya. Usirudie kosa. Washirikishe wenzio ili tunufaike sote.

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How to write successful Curriculum Vitae (CV)

What is a CV?

Curriculum Vitae: an outline of a person’s educational and professional history, usually prepared for job applications

A CV is the most flexible and convenient way to make applications. It conveys your personal details in the way that presents you in the best possible light. A CV is a marketing document in which you are marketing something: yourself! You need to “sell” your skills, abilities, qualifications and experience to employers. It can be used to make multiple applications to employers in a specific career area. For this reason, many large graduate recruiters will not accept CVs and instead use their own application form.

An application form is designed to bring out the essential information and personal qualities that the employer requires and does not allow you to gloss over your weaker points as a CV does. In addition, the time needed to fill out these forms is seen as a reflection of your commitment to the career.

There is no “one best way” to construct a CV; it is your document and can be structured as you wish within the basic framework below. It can be on paper or on-line or even on a T-shirt (a gimmicky approach that might work for “creative” jobs but not generally advised!).

When applying for certain positions in the US, as well as jobs internally and  internationally, you may be required to submit a curriculum vitae rather than a resume. A curriculum vitae, or CV, includes more information than your typical resume, including details of your education and academic achievements, research, publications, awards, affiliations, and more.

What to Include in a Curriculum Vitae

A curriculum vitae, commonly referred to as CV, is a longer (two or more pages), more detailed synopsis than a resume. Your CV should be clear, concise, complete, and up-to-date with current employment and educational information.

The following are examples of information that can be included in your curriculum vitae. The elements that you include will depend on what you are applying for, so be sure to incorporate the most relevant information to support your candidacy in your CV.

Personal details and contact information

Normally these would be your name, address, date of birth (although with age discrimination laws now in force this isn’t essential), telephone number and email.

Most CVs start with contact information and personal data but take care to avoid superfluous details, such as religious affiliation, children’s names and so on.

British CVs don’t usually include a photograph unless you are an actor. In European countries such as France, Belgium and Germany it’s common for CVs to include a passport-sized photographin the top right-hand corner whereas in the UK and the USA photographs are frowned upon as this may contravene equal opportunity legislation – a photograph makes it easier to reject a candidate on grounds of ethnicity, sex or age. If you do include a photograph it should be a head and shoulders shot, you should be dressed suitably and smiling: it’s not for a passport! See our Work Abroad page for more about international CVs

Education and qualifications.

Take care to include the names of institutions and dates attended in reverse order; PhD, Masters, Undergraduate.

Work experience/employment history

• Use action words such as developed, planned and organised.
• Even work in a shop, bar or restaurant will involve working in a team, providing a quality service to customers, and dealing tactfully with complaints. Don’t mention the routine, non-people tasks (cleaning the tables) unless you are applying for a casual summer job in a restaurant or similar.
• Try to relate the skills to the job. A finance job will involve numeracy, analytical and problem solving skills so focus on these whereas for a marketing role you would place a bit more emphasis on persuading and negotiating skills.
• All of my work experiences have involved working within a team-based culture. This involved planning, organisation, coordination and commitment e.g., in retail, this ensured daily sales targets were met, a fair distribution of tasks and effective communication amongst all staff members.

Interests and achievements

Keep this section short and to the point. As you grow older, your employment record will take precedence and interests will typically diminish greatly in length and importance.

• Bullets can be used to separate interests into different types: sporting, creative etc.
• Don’t use the old boring cliches here: “socialising with friends”.
• Don’t put many passive, solitary hobbies (reading, watching TV, stamp collecting) or you may be perceived as lacking people skills. If you do put these, then say what you read or watch:“I particularly enjoy Dickens, for the vivid insights you get into life in Victorian times”.
• Show a range of interests to avoid coming across as narrow: if everything centres around sport they may wonder if you could hold a conversation with a client who wasn’t interested in sport.
• Hobbies that are a little out of the ordinary can help you to stand out from the crowd: skydiving or mountaineering can show a sense of wanting to stretch yourself and an ability to rely on yourself in demanding situations
• Any interests relevant to the job are worth mentioning: current affairs if you wish to be a journalist; a fantasy share portfolio such as Bullbearings if you want to work in finance.
• Any evidence of leadership is important to mention: captain or coach of a sports team, course representative, chair of a student society, scout leader: “As captain of the school cricket team, I had to set a positive example, motivate and coach players and think on my feet when making bowling and field position changes, often in tense situations”
• Anything showing evidence of employability skills such as team working, organising, planning, persuading, negotiating

Skills

• The usual ones to mention are languages (good conversational French, basic Spanish),computing (e.g. “good working knowledge of MS Access and Excel, plus basic web page design skills” and driving (“full current clean driving licence”).
• If you are a mature candidate or have lots of relevant skills to offer, a skills-based CV may work for you

References

• Many employers don’t check references at the application stage so unless the vacancy specifically requests referees it’s fine to omit this section completely if you are running short of space or to say “References are available on request.”
• Normally two referees are sufficient: one academic (perhaps your tutor or a project supervisor) and one from an employer (perhaps your last part-time or summer job). See our page onChoosing and Using Referees for more help with this.

The order and the emphasis will depend on what you are applying for and what you have to offer. For example, the example media CV lists the candidate’s relevant work experience first

If you are applying for more than one type of work, you should have a different CV tailored to each career area, highlighting different aspects of your skills and experience.

A personal profile at the start of the CV can work for jobs in competitive industries such as the media or advertising, to help you to stand out from the crowd. If used, it needs to be original and well written. Don’t just use the usual hackneyed expressions: “I am an excellent communicator who works well in a team…… “

You will also need a Covering Letter to accompany your CV

What Not to Include

There is no need to include your photo, your salary history , the reason you left your previous position, or references in your CV. References should be listed separately and given to employers upon request.

How Long Should a CV Be?

A good curriculum vitae should ideally cover no more than two pages and never more than three. Aim to ensure the content is clear, structured, concise and relevant. Using bullet points rather than full sentences can help minimize word usage.

Computer Skills:

• National Computer Lever 3rd Certificate (Network Communication)
• Professional Certificate of Assistant Information Officer (AIO).
• Fluent in: C++, VBA, Provision, JMP, AutoCAD, 3Dsmax, Photoshop, Solidworks, Aftereffect
• ferent types: sporting, creative etc.

What mistakes do candidates make on their CV?

One survey of employers found the following mistakes were most common

• Spelling and grammar 56% of employers found this
• Not tailored to the job 21%
• Length not right & poor work history 16%
• Poor format and no use of bullets 11%
• No accomplishments 9%
• Contact & email problems 8%
• Objective/profile was too vague 5%
• Lying 2%
• Having a photo 1%
• Others 3% (listing all memberships, listing personal hobbies, using abbreviations)

what makes a good CV?

There is no single “correct” way to write and present a CV but the following general rules apply:

• It is targeted on the specific job or career area for which you are applying and brings out the relevant skills you have to offer
• It is carefully and clearly laid out: logically ordered, easy to read and not cramped
• It is informative but concise
• It is accurate in content, spelling and grammar. If you mention attention to detail as a skill, make sure your spelling and grammar is perfect!

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Urembo wa nywele kwa wadada pitia Hapa ujifunze kwa picha

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   Tanzania Beauty inakuletea mitindo mbalimbali ya nywele kwa wakina dada,pitia hapa kisha tuambie upi umekubamba
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

   
   
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Familia ya dinosaria 'Dinasour' yapatikana Tanzania

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Mojawapo ya jamii wa awali wa dinosaria alikuwa na maumbile yanayofananishwa na mamba, matokeo ya utafiti Tanzania yanaonyesha.

Wataalam wa masuala ya uhifadhi wa mabaki ya wanyama wamekuwa wakijiuliza familia ya dinosari wa kitambo walifanana vipi, kwani maelezo ya rekodi kutoka enzi hizo ni nadra.

Wengine walidhania walitembea kwa miguu miwili, wakifanana kama dinosari wadogo.

Lakini mnyama mpya aliyeelezewa alitembea kwa miguu minne kama mamba, nakala ya Nature iliripoti

Mnyama huyo mla nyama mwenye urefu wa kati ya mita 2-3 aliyevumbuliwa Tanzania kusini, aliishi takriban miaka milioni 245 iliyopita wakati wa kipindi cha kwanza cha maisha yao (Triassic)

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Scientists have identified one of the earliest known dinosaur relatives — and it doesn’t look anything like they expected.

Researchers had thought that the oldest dinosaur cousins would look rather like small, two-legged dinosaurs themselves. Instead, Teleocrater rhadinus actually stretched seven to 10 feet long, boasted a long neck and tail, and walked on all fours.

The findings, described in the journal Nature, could force paleontologists to redraw their understanding of dinosaurs’ origins, as well as the nature of the reptiles that came before them.

“This just goes to show that there’s a lot more out there that we just didn’t know, especially the early history of the larger group that dinosaurs belonged to: Archosauria,” said lead author Sterling Nesbitt, a vertebrate paleontologist at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg.

Dinosaurs are part of a larger group known as the archosaurs — a lineage of reptiles that split into a “bird-line” branch that includes pterosaurs, dinosaurs and birds, and a “crocodilian” branch whose living members today include crocodiles and alligators.

Paleontologists have long tried to predict what those early bird-line reptiles looked like, soon after the split with the crocodilian branch. But they haven’t been able to do so because of the large gaps in the fossil record of the transitional period before dinosaurs emerged in the mid-to-late Triassic Period, roughly 230 million years ago. Which dinosaur traits are unique to dinosaurs, and which are shared with these earlier archosaurs, they have wondered? Without a wide range of older archosaur fossils, it was difficult to say for sure.

Still, many figured that the line of animals that gave rise to the flying reptiles known as pterosaurs, and later the dinosaurs, which themselves gave rise to birds (the only surviving member of the bird-line branch) might have originally come from a chicken-sized, two-legged, dinosaur-like archosaur.

The Teleocrater fossils described by Nesbitt and his colleagues may be proving that idea wrong. This species isn’t exactly new to science: Paleontologist F. Rex Parrington first found fossils in Tanzania in 1933 and English paleontologist Alan J. Charig (a posthumous co-author of this paper) characterized the bones roughly two decades later. But the first specimen was missing crucial bones that would have allowed Charig to tell whether this was a bird-branch or crocodile-branch species of archosaur.

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To help fill in those key missing details, Nesbitt and his colleagues studied the original specimen together with three new partial Teleocrater specimens, discovered in 2015 not far from where those original fossils were found. Researchers usually look for certain physical features on the skeleton that remain preserved in a lineage even as species differentiate over time. In the case of Teleocrater, it had a number of markers that identified it as a bird-lineage archosaur, such as a telltale depression on top of the head. It also had a muscle scar high on the thigh bone — a characteristic you see even in chicken legs today. (In crocodilians and in lizards, the muscles are more evenly distributed across the leg.)

But even as Nesbitt and his colleagues identified Teleocrater as a bird-like archosaur, they also found surprisingly crocodilian characteristics, including the animal’s ankle bones. In fact, the entire body plan, with its long, low, four-legged profile, seems in some ways more reminiscent of crocodiles than of theropods, a group of dinosaurs that includes Tyrannosaurus rex and also gave rise to the birds we know today.

“The ankle was really a big surprise with this animal, because all of the archosaurs on the bird side of the tree [including] dinosaurs all have what we call a bird-like ankle, which has a pretty simple hinge, and all the archosaurs on the croc side of the tree have what we call a ‘crocodile normal’ ankle or a crocodile-like ankle,” Nesbitt said. “That tells us that the crocodile ankle was primitive for the earliest archosaurs and that the bird ankle was derived from a crocodile-like ankle.”

This is strange, because that high-thigh muscle scar found in bird-branch archosaurs is typical of animals that walk on two legs — not animals like Teleocrater, which appeared to walk on all fours.

So what explains this weird muscle configuration? For now, it’s unclear, said Nesbitt, who pointed out that many physical features evolved for one purpose before being conscripted into other duties. Feathers, for example, were probably used for insulation, camouflage and even mating displays long before they were repurposed for flight.

“It’s something we see commonly in vertebrate or just animal history,” Nesbitt said.

In any case, that ancient shared ancestor of both crocodiles and dinosaurs (and birds) may have looked more like the former than the latter. And this could change our understanding of which features were originally from early archosaurs, and which emerged much later. It may also cause scientists to reevaluate which ancient archosaurs they study to try to understand what a dinosaur ancestor might have looked like.

The findings, together with other recent discoveries, also highlight how diverse and successful a group the nondinosaur archosaurs were, even if they have fewer representatives among our current fossil records.

“People have concentrated on dinosaurs for a really long time; they were really successful for almost 180 million years and they continue on as successful birds today,” Nesbitt said. “But in the Triassic, they were just a small component of this big radiation of the relatives of dinosaurs.”

Nesbitt and his colleagues plan to return to Tanzania in May to try to fill in more gaps in left in their partial skeletons, and more gaps in our understanding of these long-gone species.

Source: Los Angels Times

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become entrepreneur today

Kijana yoyote ambaye unaisoma makala hii ambaye unataka kujiaajiri kwanza lazima uyazingatie mambo haya , kwanza uelewe ujasiriamali ni kitu cha namna gani na unawezaje kufanikiwa kupitia ujasiriamali.


MJASILIMALI ni mtu Yule ambaye anakuwa na uwezo wa kuyasoma mazingira na kuweza kuyatumia na kuyafanyia biashara, na ni mwepesi sana kuliko hata wengine,


Na pia ni mtu ambaye anauwezo wa kuthubutu, kubuni, kuanzisha na kuendesha biashara au mradi wa namna yoyote utakao mwingizia kipato chake 


Tunasaidiana pamoja na wewe kufahamu mbinu mbalimbali ambazo zitakusaidia kujiajiri tuzisome pamoja


1.kijana unatakiwa kufahamu kuwa maisha yako unaetakiwa kuyaongoza na kuyastawisha ni wewe mwenyewe na wala sio mtu mwingine kama Wazazi, marafiki au mamlaka yoyote , hao wengine watakusaidia kuyafikia yale uliyoyapanga kama kijana

2.JIAMINI, kikubwa kama kijana unatakiwa kujiamini katika yote uyapangayo na katika lolote ulitakalo kulifanya ili mradi tuu litaleta mabadiriko chanya katika maisha yako

3. UWE MTAMBUZI WA FURSA, kijana unapaswa kuwa mtambuzi wa fursa ambazo zinakuzunguka na uwe na uwezo kuzitumia katika kujiajiri kwani dunia imejaa fursa nyingi ambazo kama kijana unaweza kuzitumia na zikakuingizia kipato chako cha kila siku

4. JIFUNZE KUWEKEZA, unaweza ukawa unawekeza katika kipato lakini kikubwa jifunze kuwekeza katika fani na ujuzi mbalimbali ambazo zitakuwezesha katika kujiajiri , hivyo ujuzi na ufundi mbalimbali utakuwezesha wewe kuyafikia mafanikio yako katika maisha


5. WEKA DIRA NA MALENGO, hivi vitu vitakusukuma sana katika kuyafikia mafanikio yako katika kujiajiri kwani vitakuongoza pale unapotaka kuelekea na kuwa mbunifu zaidi katika yale unayotakiwa kuyafikia 

6. USIKATE TAMAA, unahitaji kuwa na moyo wa kijasiri zaidi kama kweli umedhamilia kuwa mjasiliamali kwani ni hatua ambayo unatakiwa kutokata tamaa kirahisi, maisha yamejaa changamoto nyingi sana katika dunia hauhitaji kukata tamaa.


7. ANZA MAHALI ULIPO, kijana hebu acha kujichelewesha na kusubirisha ndoto zako ,jifunze kuanza mahali ulipo, kwani katika maisha kuanza ndiyo kitu muhimu 


8. ONGEZA UVUMILIVU, mafanikio hayaji siku moja kijana yoyote ambaye unasoma makala yetu hii ujue fika mafanikio hayaji usiku mmoja unatakiwa kuwa mvumilivu, pindi unapotaka kuyafikia mafanikio

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9.USISIKILIZE MANENO YA WANAO KUKATISHA TAMAA,kwenye jamii yetu kuna watu walio fanikiwa tayali na wengine bado hawaja fanikiwa,wao kazi kubwa ni kukukatisha wewe tamaa.Kama kijana hupaswi kuridi nyuma,

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