LEO KATIKA HISTORIA:

Mwaka1964: Wazanzibari wapigania Uhuru waliipindua Serikali ya Sultan Jamshid bin Abullah na kuanzisha utawala wao huru chini ya Abeid Amani Karume. Miezi mitatu baadaye Zanzibar iliungana na Tanganyika kuunda Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania.

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Miaka 54 Ya Mapinduzi Ya Zanzibar

Leo ni siku muhimu sana kwa serikali ya Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar ambapo wanakumbuka namna walivyoweza kupindua utawala wa Kikoloni kutoka kwa Sultan ambapo kwenye utawala huo hakukuwa na haki na usawa kwa Wazanzibar, ukweli utabaki palepale kuwa Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar yana thamani kubwa sana katika maisha ya wakazi wa Visiwani humo.

Mzee Omar Msongoro, mmoja wa waliokuwa wapiganaji mstari wa mbele ili kufanikisha Mapinduzi Matakatifu amesema kuwa siku hiyo January 12 mwaka 1964 wakati Mapinduzi hayo yanatokea tayari kulikuwa kuna maandalizi yaliyokwisha andaliwa kupitia kanda tofauti za Visiwani humo....
Tanzania Beauty 🚩 🚩 🚩

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Seven facts you didn't know about Tanzania

Tanzania is a country of colour and contrast. Home to Africa’s highest mountain, and bordered to the east by the clear, sparkling waters of the Indian Ocean, it is a true jewel of East Africa.

In the first of our showcase series, we’ve put the spotlight on one of fastjet’s favourite countries to discover lesser known facts about beautiful Tanzania.

1. A bounty of National Parks

Tanzania is an East African country known for its vast wilderness areas. They include the plains of Serengeti National Park, a safari mecca populated by the “big five” game (elephant, lion, leopard, buffalo, rhino), and Kilimanjaro National Park, home to Africa’s highest mountain. Offshore lie the tropical islands of Zanzibar, with Arabic influences, and Mafia, with a marine park home to whale sharks and coral reefs.There are 12 national parks, 13 nature reserves, and 38 protected areas scattered throughout the country, each with their own unique landscape and character.

2. Wildlife

Tanzania has the largest number of wildlife per square kilometre, with more than 4 million wild animals from 430 different species. One of the most well-known national parks is the Serengeti, Africa’s largest nature reserve. It’s home to over one million species of large animals, including African wild cats, baboons, elephants and zebras.

3. Natural Phenomenons

You can also find the world’s largest volcanic crater at Ngorongoro in the north of the country. At 19km in diameter and with a depth of 600m, it is a foreboding and impressive natural phenomenon.

4. Dar es Salaam

Tanzania is one of our most treasured countries in Africa and we have made our base in the bustling city of Dar es Salaam, located on the coast of the dazzling Indian Ocean.

The name Dar es Salaam means the ‘harbour’ or ‘haven of peace’ in Arabic, and today it is one of Tanzania’s most vibrant and metropolitan cities. It’s the largest natural sea port in the world, and the city is known for its expansive fishing market where you can buy the delicious coconut crab. Native to Tanzania, this is the largest crab in the world.

5. Mount Kilimanjaro

Just a short fastjet flight away from Dar es Salaam is the extraordinary Mount Kilimanjaro, the largest mountain in Africa. It stands at an impressive 5,895 metres and is the highest free-standing mountain in the world. Like most free-standing mountains, Kilimanjaro is also a volcano, although it’s been dormant for around 360,000 years.

Did you know: Over 20,000 people attempt to climb Mount Kilimanjaro each year but only about 2/3rds make it to the summit.

6. Cuisine

Food is well-loved in Tanzania, with various exotic cuisines available across the nation. You can tuck into a range of delicious meats, including, antelope, crocodile meat, beef, chicken and ostrich. Locals love to snack on chips Mayai (chips-egg omelette), Tilapia (fish), samosa filled with beef or chicken and chapatti, a flat bread, which is particularly popular among children.

Tanzanians also eat delicacies such as fried termites or locusts. How adventurous will you be on your trip?

Tanzania isn’t short of great, locally grown produce. You’ll find plenty of coffee, cotton, tea, tobacco, cashew nuts, grains, fruits and vegetables harvested throughout the country.

7. Language

Over 120 languages are spoken across Tanzania. The majority are Bantu languages, which itself has over 535 different languages and dialects that are spoken throughout the whole of Africa.

Tanzania is steeped in rich history and vibrant culture, with countless areas of natural beauty to explore, making it a perfect travel destination for people of all ages.

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Familia ya dinosaria 'Dinasour' yapatikana Tanzania

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Mojawapo ya jamii wa awali wa dinosaria alikuwa na maumbile yanayofananishwa na mamba, matokeo ya utafiti Tanzania yanaonyesha.

Wataalam wa masuala ya uhifadhi wa mabaki ya wanyama wamekuwa wakijiuliza familia ya dinosari wa kitambo walifanana vipi, kwani maelezo ya rekodi kutoka enzi hizo ni nadra.

Wengine walidhania walitembea kwa miguu miwili, wakifanana kama dinosari wadogo.

Lakini mnyama mpya aliyeelezewa alitembea kwa miguu minne kama mamba, nakala ya Nature iliripoti

Mnyama huyo mla nyama mwenye urefu wa kati ya mita 2-3 aliyevumbuliwa Tanzania kusini, aliishi takriban miaka milioni 245 iliyopita wakati wa kipindi cha kwanza cha maisha yao (Triassic)

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Scientists have identified one of the earliest known dinosaur relatives — and it doesn’t look anything like they expected.

Researchers had thought that the oldest dinosaur cousins would look rather like small, two-legged dinosaurs themselves. Instead, Teleocrater rhadinus actually stretched seven to 10 feet long, boasted a long neck and tail, and walked on all fours.

The findings, described in the journal Nature, could force paleontologists to redraw their understanding of dinosaurs’ origins, as well as the nature of the reptiles that came before them.

“This just goes to show that there’s a lot more out there that we just didn’t know, especially the early history of the larger group that dinosaurs belonged to: Archosauria,” said lead author Sterling Nesbitt, a vertebrate paleontologist at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg.

Dinosaurs are part of a larger group known as the archosaurs — a lineage of reptiles that split into a “bird-line” branch that includes pterosaurs, dinosaurs and birds, and a “crocodilian” branch whose living members today include crocodiles and alligators.

Paleontologists have long tried to predict what those early bird-line reptiles looked like, soon after the split with the crocodilian branch. But they haven’t been able to do so because of the large gaps in the fossil record of the transitional period before dinosaurs emerged in the mid-to-late Triassic Period, roughly 230 million years ago. Which dinosaur traits are unique to dinosaurs, and which are shared with these earlier archosaurs, they have wondered? Without a wide range of older archosaur fossils, it was difficult to say for sure.

Still, many figured that the line of animals that gave rise to the flying reptiles known as pterosaurs, and later the dinosaurs, which themselves gave rise to birds (the only surviving member of the bird-line branch) might have originally come from a chicken-sized, two-legged, dinosaur-like archosaur.

The Teleocrater fossils described by Nesbitt and his colleagues may be proving that idea wrong. This species isn’t exactly new to science: Paleontologist F. Rex Parrington first found fossils in Tanzania in 1933 and English paleontologist Alan J. Charig (a posthumous co-author of this paper) characterized the bones roughly two decades later. But the first specimen was missing crucial bones that would have allowed Charig to tell whether this was a bird-branch or crocodile-branch species of archosaur.

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To help fill in those key missing details, Nesbitt and his colleagues studied the original specimen together with three new partial Teleocrater specimens, discovered in 2015 not far from where those original fossils were found. Researchers usually look for certain physical features on the skeleton that remain preserved in a lineage even as species differentiate over time. In the case of Teleocrater, it had a number of markers that identified it as a bird-lineage archosaur, such as a telltale depression on top of the head. It also had a muscle scar high on the thigh bone — a characteristic you see even in chicken legs today. (In crocodilians and in lizards, the muscles are more evenly distributed across the leg.)

But even as Nesbitt and his colleagues identified Teleocrater as a bird-like archosaur, they also found surprisingly crocodilian characteristics, including the animal’s ankle bones. In fact, the entire body plan, with its long, low, four-legged profile, seems in some ways more reminiscent of crocodiles than of theropods, a group of dinosaurs that includes Tyrannosaurus rex and also gave rise to the birds we know today.

“The ankle was really a big surprise with this animal, because all of the archosaurs on the bird side of the tree [including] dinosaurs all have what we call a bird-like ankle, which has a pretty simple hinge, and all the archosaurs on the croc side of the tree have what we call a ‘crocodile normal’ ankle or a crocodile-like ankle,” Nesbitt said. “That tells us that the crocodile ankle was primitive for the earliest archosaurs and that the bird ankle was derived from a crocodile-like ankle.”

This is strange, because that high-thigh muscle scar found in bird-branch archosaurs is typical of animals that walk on two legs — not animals like Teleocrater, which appeared to walk on all fours.

So what explains this weird muscle configuration? For now, it’s unclear, said Nesbitt, who pointed out that many physical features evolved for one purpose before being conscripted into other duties. Feathers, for example, were probably used for insulation, camouflage and even mating displays long before they were repurposed for flight.

“It’s something we see commonly in vertebrate or just animal history,” Nesbitt said.

In any case, that ancient shared ancestor of both crocodiles and dinosaurs (and birds) may have looked more like the former than the latter. And this could change our understanding of which features were originally from early archosaurs, and which emerged much later. It may also cause scientists to reevaluate which ancient archosaurs they study to try to understand what a dinosaur ancestor might have looked like.

The findings, together with other recent discoveries, also highlight how diverse and successful a group the nondinosaur archosaurs were, even if they have fewer representatives among our current fossil records.

“People have concentrated on dinosaurs for a really long time; they were really successful for almost 180 million years and they continue on as successful birds today,” Nesbitt said. “But in the Triassic, they were just a small component of this big radiation of the relatives of dinosaurs.”

Nesbitt and his colleagues plan to return to Tanzania in May to try to fill in more gaps in left in their partial skeletons, and more gaps in our understanding of these long-gone species.

Source: Los Angels Times

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TANZANIA FLAG

www.tanzaniabeautiful.blogspot.com

National Flag

Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form a new republic on 26 April 1964, the name "Tanzania" being adopted on 29 October 1964. Like the name of the country, the new flag was a merger of that of its constituent parts. The lower green stripe of the former Tanganyika flag took the blue of the Zanzibar flag, and the stripes were re-arranged diagonally to give them equal status. The colour specifications are: Green Pantone 361c  Yellow Pantone 116c  Blue Pantone 299c  These are, of course, rather standard shades of colours except for the blue, which is lighter than "normal" blue, but not as light as "light blue". Ratio length to breadth: three to two e.g. 3' x 2', 6' x 4', 12' x 8'  Description:  Green - Yellow - Black and Blue, having the black centre stripe centred on (the) diagonal raising from flag mast to top edge of the fly, two smaller yellow stripes dividing the upper triangle portion which is green and the lower triangle portion which is blue.  Proportions of colours:  Black centre stripe, centred on diagonal of flag of 6' x 4', is 13/48 of fly and 13" wide (my note - 4 feet = 48 inches).  Yellow stripes are each 1/16 of fly and 3" wide.  Colour code and significance:  B.S. (referring to the British Standard Range of colours now redundant) No. 2660, 1955  Black   BS No, 9-103 = the People  Green  BS No. 0-010 = the Land  Blue     BS No. 0-012 = the Adjoining Sea  Yellow  BS No. 0-002 = the Mineral Wealth

Source: Government Portal Content Committe

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KAOLE SHORT HISTORY

KAOLE BAGAMOYO

Today Tanzania Beauty we are going to look short history of Kaole,we are Much focus on the Beauty of Kaole As one of the hundred historical area in Tanzania      
The place where there are Kaole ruins was inhabited back in the 7th Century by the Kwere, Zaramo. They called the place  "Pumbuji" to mean a fertile soil. When the foreigners came back in 13th century the native people from that place said in amazement chite tukalole  (Kwere people) tuchole tukalole (Zaramo) which both "let us go and see" what are those foreigners coming to do. The foreigners could not pronounce that instead they said Kaole thus the name of place came to be called Kaole up to now.

WONDERFUL FEATURES AT KAOLE RUINS
At that place there are ruins of 2 mosques, more than 22 graves, and remains of the tools used back in the 13th and 15th  Centuries.
The grave of Sheikh Ali bin Jumal and that of  lovers (kaburi la wapendanao) are some of the graves with very interesting historical account at Kaole ruins. In the grave of lovers  a couple is buried who happened to die in an accident on the same date in the Indian Ocean. At the grave of lovers (husband and wife) one may pray for the love one has for whoever to last.

  There is also a baobab tree which it is alleged that it has been there for more than 500 years. It is believed that if one goes around it once has increased a year in one's life. According the guide at Kaole ruins the famous musician from Zanzibar the late Bibi Kidude went around the baobab tree in 1958.

There is also a well whose water is associated with blessings, that is when you wash or bath yourself with it you cast out whatever evil spirits, or demons or anything evil which would harm you. The well has been there for centuries. The water in the well never dries up despite the fact that tourist have been using it to bath or wash themselves. Some carry with them the water from  the well back home. 

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utalii Arusha

wengi wanapo sikia Arusha wanajua kuwa ni mlima kilimanjaro pekee,leo TANZANIA BEAUTY tunapenda tukujuze uzuri zaidi iliopo katika Mkoa wa Arusha

Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Arusha inahusisha Mlima Meru, mlima maarufu wa volcano wenye urefu wa meta 4566 (futi 14,977 au kilometa 4.6) kutoka usawa wa bahari, na ipo katika Mkoa wa Arusha, kaskazini mashariki mwa Tanzania,ambao tutaueleza chini kwenye makala hii.

Hifadhi hii ni ndogo iliyoanzishwa rasmi mwaka 1960, ikiwa na eneo la kilometa za mraba 137 tu, inavutia ikiwa na aina tofauti ya uoto katika maeneo matatu. Magharibi, Kasoko ya Meru (Meru Crater) kuna Mto Jekukumia; kilele cha Mlima Meru kinapatikana hapa. Kasoko ya Ngurdoto (Ngurdoto Crater) upande wa kusini-mashariki ni eneo la nyasi nyingi. Maziwa madogo yenye vina vifupi ya Momella yaliyojaa magadi kaskazini mashariki mwa hifadhi hii yanatofautiana kwa rangi na ni maarufu kwa aina nyingi za ndege wanaopatikana huko.




Lango kuu la kuingilia Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Arusha.


Mlima Meru ndio mlima wa pili kwa urefu Tanzania baada ya Mlima Kilimanjaro, ambao uko takriban kilometa 70 tu mashariki na unaonekana vizuri ukiwa kwenye hifadhi hii ya Arusha. Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Arusha inapatikana katika muhimili wa kilometa 300 wa hifadhi za taifa maarufu barani Afrika, kuanzia Serengeti na Kasoko ya Ngorongoro (Ngorongoro Crater) upande wa maharibi na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Kilimanjaro upande wa mashariki.

Usitishwe na viwango hivi, ni gharama nafuu sana kwa Mtanzania kutembelea hifadhi zetu. Utamu wa ngoma ingia ucheze ati.



Hifadhi hii ipo kilometa chache tu kaskazini mashariki mwa Jiji la Arusha, ingawa lango kuu la kuingilia lipo umbali wa kilometa 25 mashariki mwa jiji. Pia iko umbali wa kilometa 58 tu kutoka Moshi mjini na kilometa 35 kutoka Uwanja wa Ndege wa Kimataifa wa Kilimanjaro (KIA).


WAMERU WAKATIZA KWA MIGUU
Ukiwa katika Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Arusha siyo tu utafurahia kuangalia mandhari nzuri ya asili iliyosheheni hayawani na ndege wa kila namna, bali utajifunza na historia ya wakazi wa maeneo hayo, hasa Wameru na Waarusha. Wameru ambao wanakaa katika miteremko ya Mlima Meru walihamia hapo zaidi ya miaka 300 iliyopita na kwa sasa wanadhaniwa kuwa idadi yao ni milioni 2.
Wameru hawa wanahusiana jina tu na wale wa Kenya, lakini historia yao ni tofauti. Hawa wa Tanzania wanasemekana kuwasili kwenye miteremko ya mlima huo mkubwa wakitokea kwenye Milima ya Usambara katika Mkoa wa Tanga miaka 300 iliyopita, waliwasili pamoja na Wachaga-Wamachame wa kwanza. Walipowasili katika miteremko ya mlima kusini-mashariki waliwakuta jamii ya wawindaji waliofahamika kama Wakoningo, ambao walizamia kwenye jamii ya Wameru. Waarusha wao asili yao ni Wapare na walifikia Arusha Chini, lakini wakaathiriwa na tamaduni za Kimasai na kushawishiwa kuishi upande wa magharibi uliko mji wa Arusha.
Wamasai nao walikuwa kwenye mteremko wa mlima wakifuga kama ilivyokuwa kwa Waarusha. Katika miaka ya 1830 Wameru walipoteza ng’ombe wao wengi kutokana na vita dhidi ya Wamasai waliotaka kuhodhi mifugo yote pamoja na maeneo ya malisho. Wameru wakakimbilia upande wa pili wa mlima kutafuta hifadhi.
Kwa kutambua kwamba mlima na misitu ndiyo iliyowaokoa, Wameru tangu enzi hizo wamekuwa wahifadhi wazuri na hawakuweza kuharibu mazingira huku wakiendelea na kilimo cha mazao mbalimbali, ikiwemo kahawa. Ni watunzaji wazuri wa ardhi kutokana na historia ya eneo hilo ambalo limekuwa na migogoro ya ardhi tangu enzi za utawala wa Mjerumani.
Hata kabla haijatangaza eneo hilo kuwa hifadhi mwaka 1960, Wameru wamekuwa wakikatiza kwa miguu msituni kutoka Arumeru kwenda upande wa kaskazini hadi Ngarenanyuki na vijiji vingine vya huko. Barabara kuu inayokatiza kutoka kwenye Lango la Ngongongare (kwa Kimasai ni Engong Engare – Eneo la Majimaji) upande wa kusini kuelekea kaskazini kupitia geti la Momella, inaelezwa kwamba inakwenda mpaka Kenya.
Kwa hali hiyo, siyo ajabu ukifika kwenye mageti hayo au hata ukiwa hifadhini ukakutana na bodaboda au watu wanaotembea kwa miguu, kwani ndiyo njia kuu wanayoitumia wananchi wa huko, hasa wa upande wa kaskazini mwa hifadhi ambao mahitaji yao wanayapata Arumeru na Arusha.


MAKAZI YA WAZUNGU
Ni ukweli usiopingika kuwa Meru imejazana na kubanana na Wazungu toka maeneo mbalimbali dunia. Ni kama historia mpya inayojirudia toka enzi za mababu zetu kuwa Meru ni sehemu mojawapo salama zaidi ya kuishi nchini Tanzania kutokana na hali yake ya hewa, mazingira mazuri pamoja na historia ya muda mrefu yenye mvuto.
• Kila siku nyuzi joto za eneo la Meru zinaanzia 21 – 27 c ambazo ni nyuzi joto nzuri zaidi kwa kuuwezesha mwili wa mwanadamu kufanya kazi bila tatizo. Hali hii iliifanya Meru kuwa sehemu muhimu ya makutano ya mambo mengi ya kiserikali hasa mikutano, semina na mafunzo mbalimbali.
• Ni sehemu yenye vivutio vya asili kama vile mila na desturi zinazokaribisha wageni bila ubaguzi.
• Ni sehemu iliyo salama zaidi kiafya bila kuwepo na magonjwa yaliyozoeleka kama yalivyo maeneo mengine yalivyo na malaria, homa za matumbo (typhoid) na mengine mengi.
• Ni sehemu kuu na muhimu ya vyanzo vya maji vinavyounda Mto Pangani kupitia Bonde la Mto Kikuletwa yaliko makutano ya mito na mifereji yote ya Meru.
• Ni Meru tu inayomiliki mlima wa pili kwa urefu Afrika ambapo hifadhi ya aina yake ina aina ya Kima wasiopatikana mahali pengine hapa nchini. Hifadhi hii kwa historia ilikuwa shamba la mifugo ya wakoloni na sehemu yake ilikuwa shamba la mapapai.
• Zaidi ya yote ni Meru iliyo na ardhi na maeneo tofauti unakoweza kulima zaidi ya aina kumi tofauti za mazao na kustawi bila tatizo.
Wenyewe wanasema, “Meru ni Nchi ya Ahadi kwa Wameru”.


1. SERENGETI NDOGO

Hapa ndiyo 'Serengeti Ndogo' ambako utakuta wanyama wengi.



Mtalii yeyote anaweza kushtuka wakati atakapoambiwa na Mhifadhi kwamba sasa anapelekwa katika Serengeti ndogo ndani ya Hifadhi ya Arusha. Eneo hilo siyo kubwa sana, lakini ni mbuga ya wazi inayofanana na Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Serengeti.
Hapa wanyama mbalimbali wa mbuga za wazi wanaonekana kwa urahisi na kwa makundi, wakiwemo ngiri (warthog), pundamilia (zebra), kuro (waterbucks), twiga (giraffe) na mbogo (buffalo). Nilimchekesha mhifadhi wakati nilipoona kundi na pundamilia wakiwa wamemzunguka mwenzao aliyelala chini ambaye nilidhani amekufa. “Ndugu, naona hawa wana msiba, mwenzao mmoja anaonekana kama amekufa!” Nikamwambia kwa mshtuko wakati nikipiga picha. Mhifadhi huyo akaniambia kwamba kwamba huyo hajafa, bali anajigalagaza. Kweli, dakika mbili baadaye nikamuona anagalagala.
“Kwa kawaida pundamilia huwa hawakusanyiki kwa msiba hata mwenzao anapokufa. Wanyama pekee ambao wanaweza kukusanyika kwa msiba ni tembo na nyani. Hata hivyo, nyani ndio wanaoongoza kwa kuomboleza msiba ambapo mwenzao akifa watambeba na kutembea naye kila waendako mpaka atakapooza na kunuka ndipo watamwacha. Lakini wanaomboleza kweli kama binadamu!” mhifadhi huyo akanieleza. Naam, tembea uone.


2. ‘OL DOINYO OROK’ NDIO MLIMA MERU

Oldoinyo Orok au Mlima Mweusi, ndio Mlima Meru







Jina la mlima huo limetokana na watu wa kabila la Wameru wanaoishi maeneo hayo yapata miaka 300 sasa. Kwa mujibu wa wanahistoria, eneo hili lilikuwa linakaliwa na Wamasai, ambao nao walikuwa wahamiaji. Wamasai wenyewe waliuita mlima huoOl Doinyo Orok (yaani Mlima Mweusi) kama ilivyo kwa ile Milima ya Namanga ambayo mpaka sasa inaendelea kujulikana kwa jina hilo la Ol Doinyo Orok kule upande wa Kenya yenye urefu wa meta 2,548 (8,360 ft).
Mlima huo wa asili ya volcano ulioko takriban kilometa 70 magharibi mwa Mlima Kilimanjaro ni wa pili kwa urefu Tanzania ukiwa na urefu wa meta 4,565 (futi 14,977) kutoka usawa wa bahari na ni mlima wa tisa au wa kumi kwa urefu barani Afrika kati ya vilele 75 huku ukiwa wa 72 duniani. Mjerumani Fritz Jäger ndiye anayetajwa kuwa binadamu wa kwanza kufika kileleni mwaka 1904.
Kwa mujibu wa wanajiografia Siebert L, Simkin T (2002-), maeneo mengine ya volcano nchini Tanzania ni Mlima Kilimanjaro, Ol Doinyo Lengai ambao ni mlima pekee Afrika wenye volcano hai, Burko, Embulbul, Elan Nairobi, Esimingor, Gelai, Igwisi Hills, Izumbwe-Mpoli, Ketumbaine, Kieyo, Lemagrut, Loolmalasin, Ngorongoro, Ngozi, Oldeani, Ololmoti, Olossirwa, Mlima Rungwe na Bonde la Usangu.
Inaelezwa kwamba, Mlima Meru ndio ulikuwa mrefu zaidi kuliko Kilimanjaro, lakini ulipungua urefu kutokana na mlipuko wa volcano uliotokea takriban miaka 8,000 iliyopita ukaubomoa kama ilivyotokea kwa Mlima wa St. Helens huko Washington, Marekani mwaka 1980. Mlipuko huo uliufanya Mlima Meru uwe na umbo la nusu-duara, hivyo kufanya uwe sehemu ya maajabu kwa yeyote anayetembelea Hifadhi ya Arusha na kuupanda.
Mlipuko wa mwisho wa volcano ulitokea katika Mlima Meru mwaka 1910. Ukifika utastaajabu kuona vichuguu na kasoko ndogo ndogo zinazothibitisha kwamba kulikuwa na milipuko ya mara kwa mara ya volcano, ambayo ilisababisha sehemu kubwa ya udongo utiririke hadi katika maeneo ya West Kilimanjaro na Arusha Chini.
Mlima Meru ndio kiini cha Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Arusha, miteremko yake imetandwa na misitu minene ya savanna iliyohifadhi aina mbalimbali ya wanyama, zikiwemo aina 400 za ndege.
Unaweza kuupanda Mlima Meru kwa siku nne kwa kutumia mojawapo ya njia mbili zilizopo kutokea Lango la Momella (meta 1,500 kutoka usawa wa bahari). Unaweza kutumia njia ya Kaskazini ama Kusini na kufika kwenye mabanda ya Miriakamba kabla ya kuendelea na safari katika vituo vya Saddle hadi kileleni.


3. KASOKO YA NGURDOTO





Ngurdoto ni matokeo ya Wazungu kushindwa kutamka neno la Kimasai la Engur toto, yaani bonde katika mlima au kasoko (crater). Eneo hili la kasoko lipo katika Mlima Ngurdoto ambapo lina ukubwa wa kilometa za mraba 8 na mzingo wa kilometa 10.67 huku kina chake kikiwa cha meta 333.
Ukiwa katika eneo lenye mwinuko wa juu kabisa kwenye ukingo wa kasoko panapoitwa Leitong unakuwa kwenye kilele cha meta 1,824 kutoka usawa wa bahari. Tofauti na Kasoko ya Ngorongoro (Ngorongoro Crater), kwenye Kasoko ya Ngurdoto huwezi kushuka chini kutazama wanyama na mandhari, ingawa wapo wengi kama nyati wanaoonekana kwa makundi. Zamani walikuwepo faru wengi, lakini majambazi wakawapopoa na kuchukua vipusa.
Katika eneo hilo la Leitong unaweza kuiona hata barafu ya Mlima Kilimanjaro, maziwa ya Momella pamoja na kuona shughuli nyingi za kijamii, hasa kilimo, katika vijiji mbalimbali. Unyevu na ukungu mwingi kwenye eneo hili umesaidia kustawi kwa mimea aina mbalimbali kama feni, kuvumwani, okidi na kuvu (kuvumwani yenye vinyweleo).
Ni mahali pazuri kutembelea na panawavutia watalii wengi.


4. MSITU WA ASILI WA NGURDOTO

Mnyama jamii ya Mbega ndiyo alama ya Hifadhi hii na wanapatikana kwa wingi



Kama unataka hewa nzuri, ya asili na iliyotulia, basi tembelea Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Arusha, na ufike kwenye msitu huu wa asili wa Ngurdoto. Mandhari tulivu ya eneo hili yenye upepo mwanana usio na uchafuzi wowote wa mazingira utakusahaulisha msongo wa mawazo na mambo mengi ya kidunia. Kuna miti mingi aina kwa aina, ambayo imebandikwa vibao vyenye majina.
Msitu huu ndio pekee ambapo wanyama aina ya Mbega weupe wanapatikana kwa wingi katika Tanzania. Umekwishawahi kusikia usemi kwamba 'Mbega aliponzwa na uzuri wake?'. Basi uzuri wa wanyama hao ni wa pekee. Manyoya yao yanapendeza mno, halafu zile nyusi zao za asili hakika hata mwanamke ajipambe na atinde nyusi kiasi gani katu hawezi kuwafikia. Habari ndiyo hiyo!
Ni hifadhi chache sana pamoja na misitu ambamo Mbega wanapatikana. Lakini ndani ya Hifadhi ya Taifa ya Arusha ndimo wanamopatikana kwa wingi mno. Ni wanyama adimu na adhimu.
Mbega weupe-na-weusi ni ngedere wa kale wanaotokea katika jenasi ya Colobus, wakiwa wanapatikana zaidi barani Afrika. Wana uhusiano wa karibu na mbega wekundu wanaotokea kwenye jenasi ya Piliocolobus. Mbega ni jamii ya wanyama wasiokula nyama (herbivorous), chakula chao kikuu ni majani, matunda, maua na kadhalika. Yaani hawa jamaa ni ma-vegetarian hasa. Wanaishi katika makundi ya wanyama 9, kutegemeana na dume mmoja katika kundi la majike wengi na watoto.
Mbega ni muhimu kwa usambazaji wa mbegu kutokana na tabia yao ya ulaji na mfumo wa mmeng'enyo. Kuna aina tano ya spishi za kima hawa, huku kukiwa na spishi ndogo nane ambazo ni: Black colobus (C. satanas), Gabon black colobus (C. s. anthracinus),Bioko black colobus (C. s. satanas), Angola colobus (C. angolensis), Sclater’s Angola colobus (C. a. angolensis), Powell-Cotton’s Angola colobus (C. a. cottoni), Adolf Friedrichs’s Angola colobus au Ruwenzori black-and-white colobus (C. a. ruwenzorii),Cordier’s Angola colobus (C. a. cordieri), Prigogine's Angola colobus (C. a. prigoginei), Peters's Angola colobus au Tanzanian black-and-white colobus (C. a. palliatus), King colobus (C. polykomos), Ursine colobus (C. vellerosus) na Mantled guereza auAbyssinian black-and-white colobus (C. guereza).
Wanatokea katika Himaya ya Animalia, Faila ya Chordata, Daraja ya Mammalia, Oda ya Primates, Familia ya Cercopithecidae na Familia ndogo ya Colobinae.


5. MAZIWA YA MOMELLA




Ndege aina ya Flamingo wanavyoonekana katika Ziwa Momella Kubwa.



Haya ni maajabu mengine ambayo mtalii yeyote hapaswi kuyakosa. Maziwa haya ambayo maji yake yana magadi (alkaline) kwa miaka mingi yamekuwa mahali pa ndege kutoka sehemu mbalimbali ulimwenguni kuja kustarehe. Flamingo na Heroe kwa aina zake, wakiwemo wale wa Ziwa Natron (Ziwa Magadi), hujazana hapo wakipumzika kabla ya kurejea kwenye makazi yao ya asili.
Inaelezwa kwamba, ndege hao hutaga mayai huko Ziwa Natron na kuyaangua, ambapo baada ya muda huelekea kwenye maziwa haya ya Momella kujipumzisha kutokana na mazingira yake tulivu. Ukifika nyakati za asubuhi na jioni utashangaa kuona, hasa kwenye Ziwa Momella Kubwa, Flamingo wakiwa wametanda kama maua pembezoni mwa maziwa hayo na wengine wakiwa katikati na kutengeneza kundi linaloonekana kama kisiwa.
Maajabu ya maziwa haya ni kwamba, hakuna mito rasmi inayopeleka maji wala kutoa maji, isipokuwa inaelezwa kuwa yanapokea maji hayo kupitia kwenye mito inayopita chini ya ardhi. Maziwa hayo hayana kina kirefu, lakini pamoja na maji kuwa na chumvichumvi, yamekuwa matumizi muhimu kwa wanyama.
Ziwa Momella ndogo ndilo pekee ambapo wanyama aina ya Viboko hupatikana kutokana na maji yake kuwa na alkaline kidogo, lakini pia ndilo linalotumiwa kwa utalii wa makasia.


6. ZIWA LA IONGILI
Hili ndilo ziwa pekee miongoni mwa maziwa madogo matano yanayopatikana hifadhini ambalo maji yake hayana chumvi ambapo samaki aina ya perege (tilapia) wanapatikana. Ukiwa kwenye eneo hili utawaona wanyama kama viboko, mbogo na kuro huku mimea aina ya matete (mace) na mafunjo (papyrus) ikiwa inaonekana kama visiwa na huhama kulingana na mwelekeo wa upepo.
Hapa wanapatikana ndege wengi kama red knobbed coot, Africana, fish eagle na Africana jacana.


7. MAPOROMOKO YA MAJI

Haya ni maporomoko ya Tululusia

Ndani ya Hifadhi ya Arusha kuna maporomoko ya maji ya aina mbili – yale ya Tululusia na Maio, ambapo yanavutia sana kwa uzuri wake. Maporomoko ya Tululusia yana urefu wa meta 28 ambapo yapo karibu na Lango la Momella, wakati yale ya Maio yapo pembezoni mwa barabara iendayo mlimani.
Kabla ya kuyafikia maporomoko ya Tululusia kwa kupitia Njia ya Kaskazini ukiwa unapandisha Mlima Meru, lazima kwanza utakuwa umepata bahati ya kupita kwenye uwanda wa wazi ambapo utapata fursa ya kupiga picha kwa karibu na wanyama kama twiga na mbogo.
Kimsingi, eneo hili ndilo pekee ambalo unaweza kutembea na kuwakaribia wanyama hao, hasa mbogo, ukapiga nao picha kana kwamba unawachunga ng’ombe pori. Ni uzoefu unaokuja mara moja katika maisha na kwa hakika hutaweza kujutia safari yako.


8. TAO LA MTI

Hili ndilo Tao la Mti
Ukiwa na gari kama unakwenda Mlima Meru lazima upite kandokando ya mlima Tululusia ambao una mandhari nzuri ya kuvutia. Lakini baada ya kuupita mlima huo utakutana na kivutio kingine cha ajabu ambacho ni Tao la Mti wa Mkuyu (Fig Tree Arch).
Inaelezwa kwamba, mti huo uliota baada ya ndege wala matunda kudondosha punje za mkuyu kwenye mti mwingine wa asili, ambapo baadaye mkuyu ukaota kama tao, ambalo ni kubwa kiasi kwamba gari lenye ukubwa wa tembo linaweza kupita bila shida.
Hiki ni kivutio kingine ambacho hakika unapaswa kukitembelea na kujionea maajabu haya na hasa kwa Mti wa Mkuyu ambao una maajabu yake. Kama ulikuwa hujui, Mkuyu ndiye malkia wa miti yote ulimwenguni na kuna watu wanaouita mti mtakatifu. Wacha nikuelezee kidogo kuhusu mti huo:
Nakumbuka enzi za utotoni tulizowea kuambiwa mti wa mbuyu ni wa mashetani na tusithubutu hata siku moja kukaa karibu pindi mvua inaponyesha kwa sababu radi linaweza kuupiga na kuugawanya katikati. Hata hivyo, bado tuliendelea kukwea na kuchuma matunda yake nyakati za kiangazi.
Tuliambiwa kwamba wachawi hupendelea kuweka maskani yao kwenye miti hiyo ya mibuyu, ambayo ni miongoni mwa miti mikubwa na inayoweza kukua na kumea katika maeneo yenye ukame, kama Dodoma na Singida kwa hapa Tanzania.
Lakini ukiachilia mbali mbuyu, pia wazee wetu walikuwa wakitukataza tusipendelee kucheza kwenye miti ya mikuyu, ambayo inatajwa kwamba ndiyo ‘malkia wa miti yote’. Sababu kubwa waliyotuambia ni kwamba miti hiyo ni ya miungu na ndiyo maana inapendelea kuota sehemu zilizotulia kwenye mapito ya maji huku ikiwa inaongoza kwa kuwa miti pekee yenye mizizi mingi.
“Ninyi hamuoni, hata nyakati za kiangazi mti unaonekana umependeza, tofauti na ule mbuyu. Ule mbuyu ni mti wa mashetani, lakini huu ni mti wa miungu. Msije mkathubutu hata siku moja kuukata ama kuuchezea, miungu ikikasirika mtapata shida,” nakumbuka mzee mmoja alipata kutuambia wakati tukiwa wadogo.
Kweli hatukuwa tukiikata miti hiyo, lakini daima tulipendelea kucheza chini ya vivuli vyake na kukwea kuchuma matunda yake mazuri kuyatazama, matamu kuyala, lakini yakiwa yamejaa wadudu wengi ambao unalazimika kuwaondoa kabla ya kuyala.
Huo ndio mkuyu, mti ambao ni wa ajabu ambao si wengi wanaoufahamu kutokana na kutoota kila mahali kama ilivyo miti mingine. Tena basi si mti wa kupandwa, bali hujiotea wenyewe, hasa katika maeneo ya kitropiki, ingawa baadhi ya jamii yake inaweza kuota kwenye maeneo ya joto.
Tunaambiwa kwamba mti mashuhuri wa mkuyu (Ficus carica) asili yake ni Asia na Mashariki ya Kati lakini umefanikiwa kumea hata katika maeneo mengine, ukiwa unazaa matunda matamu sana, ambayo kama unaweza kuhudumiwa kama yalivyo matunda mengine, huwezi kukuta wadudu ndani ya matunda yake yenye majimaji mengi.
Wataalamu wa mambo ya kale wanasema kwamba mti huu wa mkuyu unaweza kuwa mmoja kati ya mimea iliyowahi kutunzwa na binadamu (katika sehemu nyingine mikuyu inatunzwa, hasa kwa watu wenye maeneo makubwa, kwa sababu miti hii huchukua maeneo makubwa sana kutokana na mfumo wao wa mizizi kuwa yenye kutambaa). Mkuyu unatajwa ndani ya Biblia, wakati Adam na Eva wanapotumia majani yake kujistiri baada ya kuona wako uchi ndani ya Bustani ya Eden.
Ukristo siyo dini pekee ambayo imeupa mkuyu nafasi kubwa kama unavyotajwa pia katika Injili. Jamii nyingine ya mkuyu au mtini wa Kiasia, Ficus religiosa, unachukuliwa kama mti mtakatifu na Wahindu, Wajaini, na Mabuddha. Inasemekana Buddha Mkuu, Siddhartha Gautama, alipata ufunuo wakati alipokuwa ameketi chini ya mti mtakatifu wa mkuyu, ambao pia unajulikana kama boau pipal. Waislamu pia wanaichukulia miti mingine ya jamii ya mkuyu kama mitakatifu.
Kwa hakika, kati ya miti yote duniani, mikuyu (Ficus) ndiyo miti pekee ambayo ukuaji wake umetandwa na utata utata na hata uchavushaji wake ni wa ajabu. Jaribu kufikiria mti ukiwa umejaa mizizi inayofanana na nyoka, ikiwa imejiviringisha na kuchomoza kwenye shina ama matawi ya mti mkubwa na kutanda kila sehemu na hata kuinyonga miti mingine ya jirani yake.
Miti hii ambayo iko katika jenasi ya Ficus, katika familia ya Mulberry (Moraceae), ndiyo yenye jamii kubwa zaidi ikiwa na aina ya miti 1,000. Miti inayoifuatia kwa kuwa na jamii nyingi ni ile ya jamii ya mikungugu yenye miiba, maarufu kama Acacia (ambayo ina jamii 800), Mikaratusi ama Eucalyptus (500), na Cassia (500).
Wazee wetu walikuwa na akili sana – japo hawakuwa na elimu ya darasani – lakini walijua namna ya kutunza mazingira. Walitukataza tusiiharibu miti hiyo kwani mara nyingi huota katika vyanzo vya maji au sehemu iliyopitisha maji kama mto, au sehemu iliyokuwa na uoto mzuri na ardhi yenye rutuba.
Kama iliota sehemu za nyikani, basi tuliamini kwamba ikiwa utachimba kisima mahali hapo maji hayakuwa mbali sana, na ndivyo ilivyokuwa, hasa kwa sisi ambao tulikuwa tukiishi katika maeneo kame kama yale ya mikoa ya kati.
Faida yake ni kubwa, kwamba pamoja na kuwa vyanzo vya maji na vivutio vya mawingu ya mvua, lakini matunda yake ni chakula kizuri sana kwa ndege, wanyama wa porini na hata binadamu.
Tunaambiwa kwamba matunda ya mkuyu yana viiniisho kama wanga, hamirojo, sukari, mafuta na protini kibao, hivyo ni mazuri sana kuliwa. Kwa sisi tuliowahi kuyala wakati wa utotoni tunaujua utamu wake, lakini linaweza kuwa jambo geni kwa wale ambao hata mti wenyewe hawaujui.
Tunda la mkuyu linachukuliwa kama tunda, lakini kwa hakika hilo ndilo kama ua la mkuyu. Linaweza kutajwa kama ni tunda bandia ama tunda linalojipogolesha, ambapo ua na mbegu hukua pamoja na kufanya tunda.
Pengine uwezo huu wa kutoa maua ambayo ni matunda, tofauti na miti mingine, ndiyo yaliyowafanya hata wazee wetu waone kwamba huu ulikuwa ni mti wa miungu, tofauti na mbuyu ambao maua yake yanaonekana mpaka matunda yanapokomaa.
Maelezo mengine watakupatia wahifadhi na watalaamu wa mimea mara utakapofika kwenye hifadhi hii, mimi nimekupatia uzoefu wangu tu wa uhifadhi wa asili.


9. KASOKO YA MERU




Kila eneo lina raha yake kulitazama. Ukiwa unapanda Mlima Meru lazima utapita kwenye uwanda wa wazi ambao unajulikana zaidi kama Mandhari ya Kitoto, ambapo unaweza kuona mazingira ya Momella, pori la wazi na Mlima Kilimanjaro.
Lakini ukipita eneo hilo utakuta kuna njia nyembamba ambayo inaishia kwenye Kasoko ya Meru. Hapo utaona kitu kilichosimama kama ukucha wa ndege wa kuparura ndani ya kasoko, ambako kwa uhakika ni majivu ya volcano yenye umbo kama pia.
Kasoko ya Meru ni eneo tambarare na lenye kuvutia ambapo unaweza kuona vizuri mofolojia yam lima hasa siku zisizo na mawingu.


10. TAMBIKO LA WAMERU
Njia nyembamba inayoanzia kasoko ya Meru huelekea kwenye mandhari ya Njeku kupitia mandhari nzuri ya Ash-cone na kasoko, ambapo kuna jukwaa kwenye mwinuko wa juu unaotazamana na maporomoko ya maji katika korongo la mto wa Ngarenanyuki.
Wakati wa ukame Wameru hulitumia eneo hilo kutambikia mungu wao chini ya mti ujulikanao kama African pencial cidar (Juniper) ambao upo karibu na tambarare ya kasoko. Kadiri miaka inavyozidi kusonga mbele, matambiko haya yanaelekea kupungua hifadhini, lakini eneo hili bado limekuwa kivutio kikubwa kwa watalii.


WANYAMA NA NDEGE

Huyu ni Hondohondo wa jamii ya Decken Toko Tockus deckeni



Pamoja na kuwa na eneo dogo la hifadhi, lakini hifadhi hii ina utajiri mkubwa wa wanyama kama twiga, pundamilia, mbogo, ngiri, mbega, kima, tembo, chui. Hakuna simba kwenye hifadhi hiyo.
Utajiri mkubwa ulioko humo ni ndege aina kwa aina, ambapo miongoni mwao ni Korongo, Njiwa, Kunguru, Tai, Kipanga, Yangeyange, Kibisi, Shakwe, Dudumizi, Firigogo, Kasuku, Shorobo, Kekeo, Mdiria, Hondohondo, Zuwakulu, Kigong'ota, Shore, Kuzi au Kwenzi kwa jamii zake na kadhalika.

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HISTORY OF MAJI MAJI WAR

HISTORY OF MAJI MAJI WAR

Text gives the reader a picture of the actual history of the Museum of fluids present in the town of Songea in southern Tanzania.
Ruvuma is continues to the land of Mozambique to the south, north this region is continuous with Morogoro region, North-West region of Ruvuma is continuous with the region of Iringa. This region is bordered by Malawi and to the east there are regions Lindi and Mtwara.
This museum explores the history of the Maji Maji war happens between partners in julai.1905 until August this 1907.Vita Umatumbi began in the hills north of the town of Kilwa in July 1905.
Original founders of this war were the subject of intense Wamatumbi traditional elders / prophet who is known as the most dominate Kinjeketile. The war dry grass and spread in Wamwera tribes, Wangindo, Mapogoro, Ngoni, Bena, Sangu and others. These people fought against oppression and forced by German colonists how to live, and to produce crops to serve.

  Picture of German soldiers

Name of this war was a result of drug use faith mixed with water, maize and sorghum grains fighter protection for the assault troops shot 75,000 people lost their lives in southern zone of Tanzania after the war. In the area of Ruvuma is estimated that more than 1,000 people lost their lives.

After the war leaders and soldiers involved in the war were arrested and sentenced to death until death. 27 February 1907 was a day of great sadness for the people of the Ruvuma where as much as 60 people were executed for participating in the war. These heroes were nyongewa back to an area that today is known as "Move Club". After hanging their bodies were buried in a mass grave, organized by prisoners for two months. Three days later, Chief Songea was executed and buried in the grave and organized a mass grave.

This is a mass grave were buried heroes Maji Maji war, the people who are buried here are 66.

 

these heroes were lozikwa area has become an important area.
This event was very sad for our people so people do not mention it for a while longer. After independence (1961) some elders initiated a movement to remember these heroes. They began to make their applications and celebrations in the nearby area and location were not of these fighters were held in the house of Padre Chengula.

The notion of a national observance established by a committee of elders of kingoni who report to the governor, Mr. Martin Haule who was appointed during the the elderly who were on this committee include Xavery Zulu, Drea Chengula, David constriction, Ali Move pressure, Agatha Shawa, Alana Wings, Mwl Duwe, Shaibu Keso and Daniel Gama.
Having presented this idea to Mr. Martin Haule, took sincere steps in addressing, and the first thing was recognize the area in which these heroes were buried.

This area was recognized by Mr. Message who witnessed the incident to the execution of these sages (during his childhood) was used to understand this area is known for one tree CHIKUNGUTI to recognize the name of this place excellent Haule made mining and some bones.

Move the constriction whose grave he was buried alone with the name of the town of Songea derives its name

Before Lord Haule accomplish this task was transferred to the province of Ruvuma in this 1964.Wazo honor these ancestors emerged again in 1979 when Mr. Laurence Gama was appointed to be a governor of Ruvuma and attempts to implement this idea. She began to encourage and seek funding for the construction of the museum in conjunction with the elders of the Ruvuma and other public building of the museum was started and completed in 1980.

With the completion of construction of the building was also constructed statue in front of museums, these include status of soldiers of the Tanzania People's Defense.
From 1980 the council of elders began celebrating heroes mourning executed all at on February 27 of each year. This museum was opened officially on July 7 1980. this museum continued to provide services under the supervision of Ruvuma Region and the elderly have continued to make the celebration of everyday heroes in the museum, but this year.

Some of the elders who have been providing information to visit museum. On 1 September 2005 this museum was handed down to Songea Municipal Council. 100 years of the Maji Maji war was held nationally in this Museum on February 27, 2006 and was launched officially by the President of Tanzania, Hon. Jakaya Kikwete

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